Jurnal Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra

Subject-Object Positions in Women's Reporting: A Study of Gender Bias in iNews.com Online Media

Rahmadina Riftia Novianti — 2026-05-03

This study aims to describe the position of subject-object participants in women’s news coverage on iNews.com using Sara Mills’ Critical Discourse Analysis feminist stylistic model. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The data sources are five iNews.com news texts published in the period June–October 2025. The research data are in the form of words, phrases/sentences, and paragraphs containing gender bias. The data collection technique is carried out through reading and note-taking techniques. At this stage, it is done by carefully reading the news from the iNews.com portal for the period June–October 2025 that presents women as the main subject or object and contains issues of gender and gender-based violence. After reading, the process of recording the data obtained is required. Data analysis is carried out through the stages of data reduction, coding, analysis, presentation, and drawing conclusions based on Sara Mills’ analysis categories, namely the position of subject-object participants. The data validity technique uses a credibility test through extended observation, increased persistence, and discussions with linguistic researchers. The research results show that reporting about women on iNews.com contains gender bias, characterized by the dominance of women as passive and stereotypical news objects, the use of subordinating diction, and power relations that marginalize women. This indicates that reporting practices on iNews.com are not fully gender-sensitive and continue to reproduce gender inequality in media discourse.

Teachers’ Perspectives on Using Tory-Boo Animation Video in Teaching English Literacy to Young Learners

Zidni Ma'ruf — 2026-05-03

This study aims to explore teachers' perspectives on the use of the animated video Tory-Boo in teaching English literacy to early childhood learners. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. Participants in this study were six English teachers who teach early childhood learners and have experience using animated videos in their classrooms. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide. All interview data were recorded and transcribed. The research data were analyzed and categorized into several themes. Member checking was also conducted to ensure the validity of the data. The results showed that teachers generally had a positive perspective on the use of the animated video Tory-Boo. The video was considered an engaging and effective learning medium that can increase student motivation, support vocabulary development, and enhance comprehension through visual and contextual input. In addition, the use of animated videos facilitated interactive and student-centered learning through various follow-up activities. However, several challenges were also identified, including technical constraints, classroom management, and the need to select content appropriate to students' language proficiency levels. This study suggests that animated videos can be a valuable tool in teaching English literacy when supported by appropriate pedagogical strategies.

Exploring Teachers' Strategies and Challenges in Enhancing Vocabulary Skills of Elementary School Students

Hernita Ratna Aulia — 2026-05-08

This study aims to explore: 1) vocabulary teaching strategies used by English teachers in elementary schools; 2) the implementation of vocabulary teaching strategies in classroom practices and activities; 3) the challenges faced by teachers in improving students' vocabulary skills. This study used a descriptive qualitative design with data collection through a questionnaire consisting of closed-ended and open-ended questions administered to six elementary school teachers. The participants of this study were six elementary school English teachers. They were selected using a purposive sampling technique, based on their experience in teaching English at the elementary school level. The selection of participants was intended to obtain relevant and context-specific insights into vocabulary teaching practices in elementary school classrooms. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key patterns related to teachers' teaching practices, challenges, and solutions. The results of the study: 1) teachers tend to use interactive and visual-based strategies, namely flashcards, pictures, videos, and game-based activities to support vocabulary learning; 2) in teaching practices, vocabulary is introduced through visual representations and reinforced through repetition and practice; 3) teachers face several challenges, particularly limited exposure to English outside the classroom and constraints on students' learning motivation and attention. To address student motivational challenges, teachers employ various adaptive strategies, including creating a fun learning environment and employing a variety of methods. This research illustrates real-world classroom practices and emphasizes the importance of teacher creativity in vocabulary learning. Future research should involve more participants to obtain more comprehensive findings.

Root Words and Derived Words in Indonesian Language Textbooks for Grades 1 and 2: Morphological Study

Hanun Zahronida — 2026-05-05

This study aims to describe the use of root words and derived words in Indonesian language textbooks for grades 1 and 2 of elementary school and to compare them based on morphological analysis. The method used is quantitative with a descriptive-comparative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through documentation techniques using the "listen, read, engage, and note-taking" technique for textbooks at both levels. Data analysis was carried out in two stages: descriptive analysis to describe the distribution of vocabulary based on word classes, number of occurrences, and morphological processes; and comparative analysis to compare the distribution of vocabulary between levels based on the number of entry names. The results show that the number of vocabulary items in the grade 1 elementary school textbooks reaches 6,357, while the grade 2 elementary school textbooks are 8,217. Based on the entry name analysis, the grade 1 elementary school textbook contains 858 words, consisting of 540 root words and 318 derived words. Meanwhile, the grade 2 elementary school textbook contains 1,353 words, consisting of 850 root words and 503 derived words. Comparisons between grades reveal differences in word count and variety, particularly in the use of root words and derived words, which are more prevalent in second-grade textbooks. This indicates an increase in linguistic complexity with increasing grade level. The study concludes that root words are more dominant than derived words in both first and second grades. This dominance of root words reflects the adaptation of language materials to the developmental stages of elementary school students' language skills at each grade.

A Review of Influential Ideology in the Praxis of English Language Education for Junior High School Students in Indonesia

Rizky Syahra Putri — 2026-05-05

Education is undoubtedly the most important pillar in the development of a society, while philosophy is a body of knowledge that analyzes theories of knowledge. Consequently, philosophy cannot be separated from education because both contain precise goals to be achieved through education, including English language education. This study aims to explore the characteristics of contemporary philosophy that are relevant to the practice of English language education in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach by conducting a systematic literature review to describe the ideologies that influence the practice of English language education in Indonesian Junior High Schools contained in online journal scientific articles. A total of ten online journal scientific articles were found and analyzed using a qualitative approach based on terms, statements, and paragraphs that describe the practice of English language education in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that the characteristics of contemporary philosophy are relevant to the practice of English language education in Indonesia. To produce more convincing results, more longitudinal research is needed on the ideologies that influence English language education in Indonesia.

The Lexical Concept of ‘Negeri’ in Malay Proverbs: An Inquisitive Semantic Study

Siti Andriana — 2026-05-09

This study employs an inquisitive semantics approach, which remains relatively underutilized in linguistic studies in Indonesia. To date, research on Malay proverbs has tended to focus on the classification of meaning, function, and moral values, and has largely been limited to lexical and cognitive semantic analyses. Studies that specifically examine the rationale behind the selection of particular lexical items in proverbs—especially the word negeri - through an inquisitive semantics approach are still very limited. Therefore, this study aims to explore more deeply the meanings as well as the conceptual, cognitive, and cultural background underlying the use of the word negeri in Malay proverbs. Operationally, the data consist of Malay proverbs containing the lexicon negeri, obtained from the Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu and other relevant sources. The analysis is conducted using an inquisitive semantics approach through three stages: script semantics (lexical meaning based on the Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia), cognitive semantics, and inquisitive semantics. In addition, the analysis considers metaphorical mapping between the source domain and the target domain to reveal the relationship between linguistic forms and their conceptual meanings. Data were collected using a note-taking technique and analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the word negeri in Malay proverbs functions not only as a geographical marker but also as a metaphor representing social concepts, collective identity, power, and the individual’s attachment to their community. The use of the word negeri reflects the Malay worldview regarding social order and the cultural values that underpin communal life.

Code Switching and Code Mixing in Maxwell Salvador's Oral Speech on YouTube: A Sociolinguistic Study

Faza Nur ‘Ashifa — 2026-05-05

This study aims to describe the forms and functions of code switching and code mixing in the spoken language of Maxwell Salvador Surya Atmaja on his YouTube channel. The method used in this study uses a sociolinguistic approach based on the code switching theory by Appel & Muysken and the code mixing theory by Muysken with a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The data collection technique uses a listening, reading, and note-taking technique adapted to Creswell's data collection type, namely documents and audio-visual. The data analysis technique is carried out with stages according to Creswell, namely video transcription, data identification and classification, tabulation and codification, data analysis, and data presentation. The results of the study show that the forms of code switching found are Tag-switching and Intersentential-switching, while the forms of code mixing include Insertion, Alternation, and Congruent Lexicalization. The functions of code switching found are Referential Function, Directioe and Imaginary Function, and Expression Function. While the functions of code mixing include Referential Function, Directioe and Imaginary Function, Expression Function, and Phatic Function. The conclusion of this study shows that the use of code switching and code mixing occurs because the speech used by speakers is more flexible and unstructured so that it can trigger the emergence of language switching or mixing.

Students’ Strategies for Achieving Publication in SINTA-Accredited Journals

Hasnah Faizah — 2026-05-05

This study aims to identify and analyze students’ strategies in achieving publication in SINTA-accredited journals. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and digital documentation involving students who have experience in the scientific publication process. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that students’ strategies are integrated into three main stages: research planning, scientific writing, and the publication process. In the planning stage, students are publication-oriented from the beginning by selecting relevant topics and conducting intensive literature reviews. In the writing stage, students adapt their articles to journal templates, improve academic language skills, utilize reference management tools, and perform iterative revisions. In the publication stage, students understand the use of the Open Journal System (OJS), select journals that align with the scope, and respond constructively to reviewers’ comments. Additionally, this study identifies several challenges, including limited understanding of the publication system, publication costs, lengthy editorial processes, and mismatches in journal scope perception. Academic resilience emerges as a crucial factor in dealing with rejection and increasing the chances of publication success.

Representation of Social Criticism of Post-1965 Historical Reality in the Novel My Name is Alam by Leila S. Chudori

Sefia — 2026-05-05

This study aims to describe the representation of social criticism regarding the historical reality of the post-1965 era in Leila S. Chudori’s novel Namaku Alam. This study employs a qualitative method based on Alan Swingewood’s sociological approach to literature, which focuses on literature as a social document or a reflection of the times. The data source for this study is the novel Namaku Alam by Leila S. Chudori, published by Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia in 2023. The research data consists of dialogues, sentences, and paragraphs collected using documentation techniques and analyzed using hermeneutic techniques. The hermeneutic process involved the stages of identification, classification, codification, interpretation, and data presentation. The research findings indicate that the novel Namaku Alam represents a critique of the post-1965 historical reality through various repressive practices carried out by the state. First, state-sanctioned terror and persecution are represented through arbitrary arrests, forced disappearances, and intensive surveillance of individuals and families deemed to have ties to the PKI. Second, the manipulation of history is represented through the state’s control of historical narratives, whether through the construction of official history, public spaces, or the education system. Third, restrictions on freedom of expression are represented through pressure on academics and journalists, a strict licensing system, and the banning of book distribution. These findings indicate that the novel Namaku Alam serves not only as a work of fiction but also as a medium for social criticism that reflects the historical reality of post-1965 Indonesia.

Implicatures in the Film Home Sweet Loan by Director Sabrina Rochelle: Types and Functions

Rades Kasi — 2026-05-05

This study aims to describe the types and functions of implicature in the film Home Sweet Loan directed by Sabrina Rochelle. This film was selected as the object of the study because the dialogues among the characters contain many implied meanings that reflect social realities, economic pressures, and psychological conflicts experienced by young people. Implicatures in this film emerge through indirect communication related to the social, emotional, and relational contexts among characters, making it interesting to analyze using pragmatic studies. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach. The data consist of utterances or dialogues among the characters in the film Home Sweet Loan that contain implicatures. The data were collected through observation and note-taking techniques by watching the film repeatedly and then transcribing relevant conversations. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by classifying the types and functions of implicature based on Grice’s implicature theory. The results of the study indicate that there are two types of implicature in the film Home Sweet Loan, namely conventional implicature and non-conventional implicature. Conventional implicatures are found in utterances whose implied meanings can be generally understood, while non-conventional implicatures appear in utterances that require an understanding of the social and emotional contexts of the characters. In addition, the functions of implicature identified include assertive, directive, expressive, commissive, and declarative functions. Thus, the use of implicature in the film Home Sweet Loan enriches communication, portrays the social realities of young people, and effectively conveys social messages. This study is expected to contribute to pragmatic studies, particularly implicature analysis in film media, and serve as a reference for students, researchers, and film practitioners in understanding the use of implicature as a communication strategy in film dialogue.

Gender-Based Language Variation in Everyday Conversation: Dell Hymess's Theory

Imroatul Munawaroh — 2026-05-05

This study aims to analyze language variations based on gender in everyday conversation, focusing on speaking style (key) and conversation topics (act sequence) based on Dell Hymes' theory. This research is based on the urgency of understanding differences in communication patterns between genders as part of the dynamics of social interaction in society. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the listening and speaking methods. This approach is used because the research data is in the form of oral speech that contains meaning, is influenced by social context, and shows variations in language use that cannot be expressed in numerical form. The listening method is used to obtain data by listening to the use of language conveyed by the speaker. Meanwhile, the speaking method is used to collect linguistic data through direct communication between researchers and informants in the form of conversations or dialogues. Data collection techniques include listening and speaking, recording, and note-taking. Data analysis is carried out through the techniques of selecting certain elements, linguistic analysis, qualitative analysis, and data interpretation. The results of the study indicate that there are differences in language variations between men and women. Men tend to use assertive, rational, and efficient language, while women are more expressive and collaborative. In the parent group, fathers used practical and solution-oriented language, while mothers were more communicative and expressive. These findings suggest that gender influences speaking style and topic choice in everyday interactions.

The Effect of Using Mentimeter Media in Learning to Improve News Text Comprehension in Grade XI Students

Ido Parningotan Sitinjak — 2026-05-05

Interactive and innovative learning media are essential in learning to achieve high learning outcomes. Mentimeter is a web-based presentation platform and application designed to create interactive presentations in real-time. This tool allows users to create polls, quizzes, word clouds, and question and answer sessions to increase student engagement in the classroom. This study aims to describe: 1) the results of the pre-test on the ability to understand news texts; 2) the results of the post-test on the ability to understand news texts; 3) the effect of Mentimeter media on learning the ability to understand news texts. The research method used is a quantitative method through a One Group Pretest–Posttest Design. This study took place in the first semester of the 2025/2026 academic year at SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa. The population of this study was 32 grade XI students who took the pre-test, learning to understand news texts using Mentimeter media, and took the post-test. The sample was determined at 30 based on a statistical formula; selected by simple random selection without replacement. Data on the ability to understand news texts were collected using a test instrument compiled based on objective indicators to produce test specifications for the ability to understand news texts as a basis for compiling test items. The data were analyzed using a one-sample t-test to achieve the first and second objectives. A paired sample t-test was used to determine the third learning objective. The use of the t-test can be justified because the homogeneity and normality tests were met. The results of the study: 1) the pre-test results of the ability to understand low-category news texts; 2) the post-test results of the ability to understand high-category news texts; 3) the mentimeter media had a significant effect on learning the ability to understand news texts.

Dysphemism in the Comments Column of the @democrazymedia News Account on Application X

Fikriyyah Atikah — 2026-05-05

This study aims to analyze the forms and functions of dysphemism in the comment section of the @democrazymedia news account on the X app. The study was conducted on the X social media platform, collecting data from the account’s comment section during the period from November to December 2025. The data in this study consists of 20 utterances containing dysphemism. The research instrument used was the researcher themselves, employing a read-and-record technique for data collection. Data analysis utilized a qualitative descriptive method with a semantic approach to identify the forms and functions of dysphemism. The results of the study indicate that there are 15 forms of dysphemism, namely figurative expressions, metaphors, re-modeling, circumlocution, clipping, ellipsis, abbreviations, acronyms, one word replacing another, general to specific, part for the whole, hyperbole, meaning beyond the statement, jargon, and colloquialisms. In terms of function, dysphemisms are used to convey things considered taboo or indecent, describe situations negatively, express criticism, belittle and mock, as well as exaggerate situations and hurl insults. The most dominant function is as a means of belittling and mocking.

Utilization of Audiovisual Media to Improve Vocabulary Comprehension of Deaf Children

Mutiara Ramadhan Nasution — 2026-05-05

Learning English remains a challenge for students in Indonesia, especially for deaf students who rely on visual input and often face limitations in conventional teaching methods. However, studies focusing specifically on the use of audiovisual media for deaf learners are still limited. Therefore, audiovisual media are considered an effective strategy to support vocabulary development. This study aims to examine how audiovisual media improve English vocabulary comprehension among deaf students. This research employed a qualitative case study design. Data were collected through interviews, classroom observations, and documentation at a Special School (SLB) in Percut Sei Tuan, North Sumatra, involving deaf students who had studied English for one year. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis, and validity was ensured through data triangulation. The findings indicate that audiovisual media significantly improve students’ vocabulary comprehension, learning focus, and engagement, thus supporting inclusive educational practices.

Effect of Learning Using Digital Student Worksheets Assisted by Canva on the Writing Anecdotal Texts Skills

Edwin Samosir — 2026-05-11

This study aims to describe: 1) pre-test results of anecdotal text writing skills; 2) prost-test results of anecdotal text writing skills after participating in learning using digital student worksheets assisted by Canva media; 3) the effect of using Canva-based digital student worksheets on anecdotal text writing skills. This study uses a descriptive-quantitative method through a one-group pretest-posttest design which took place in the odd semester of the 2025/2026 academic year in class X of SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa. The population was the students of class XI of SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa who participated in the pre-test of writing anecdotal texts, participated in learning the ability to write anecdotal texts using digital student worksheets assisted by Canva media, and finally took the post-test. They numbered 36 students. Based on Slavin's formula, a sample of 32 students was determined; selected by simple random sampling with a technique without replacement. Pre-test and post-test data on the ability to write anecdotal texts were collected using a performance test instrument with a take-home examination system. Data analysis was carried out using inferential statistics, namely one-sample t-test and paired sample t-test after the normality test and homogeneity test were fulfilled. The checklist is used to validate the results of the pre-test and post-test data scoring. Research results: 1) the pre-test results of anecdotal text writing skills are in the low category; the mean observation of 16.85 (60.19) turns out to be the same as the mean expectation of 17.36 which is equivalent to a standard score of 62.00 percent; 2) the post-test results of anecdotal text writing skills are in the high category; the mean observation of 22.06 (78.78) turns out to be the same as the mean expectation of 22.40 (80.00); 3) Canva-assisted digital student worksheets is proven to have a significant effect on anecdotal text writing skills.

Comparative Analysis of Language Style and Religious Values in the Text of Mahallul Qiyam Kitab Maulid Ad-Diba'i: A Stylistic Study

Rezky Latifah Nuraida — 2026-05-05

This study aims to analyze the use of comparative language styles in the Mahallul Qiyam text contained in the book Majmu'atul Maulid Wal Ad'iyah written by Imam Abdurrahman al-Diba'i and the religious values ??contained therein. As an approach, this study uses a stylistic approach with the applied method being a qualitative descriptive method. The main focus of this study includes the types of comparative language styles and also the religious values contained therein. The data sources in this study are verses in the Mahallul Qiyam text that contain elements of comparative language styles. The data collection technique is carried out through the listening and speaking technique with intensive reading of the text, while for data analysis, the distribution method is carried out through the direct element (BUL) technique to identify the tenor, vehicle, and meaning relationship. The results of the study indicate that there are comparative language styles such as tasybih, majaz, and personification. The application of these language styles not only plays a role as an aesthetic element, but also as a tool to convey religious values. Among the most prominent religious values are the values of faith, which relate to belief in the nobility of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and the values of morality and worship, which are part of its spiritual implications. Thus, the text of Mahallul Qiyam reflects the blend of linguistic beauty and profound religious meaning within the Islamic literary tradition.

Identity Formation of the Protagonist under Multicultural Influence in Mahdavi’s Ratu yang Bersujud

Ziana Fakhira — 2026-05-08

This study analyzes the process of identity formation of the main character through multicultural influences in the novel Ratu yang Bersujud by Mahdavi. The study was conducted through a literature study using descriptive qualitative data analysis techniques. The primary data sources used were novel text excerpts and secondary data came from formal objects in the form of data analysis and journal articles containing about the formation of women's identity and multiculturalism. The research population was the main character in the novel, while the data sample was determined through excerpts that describe the process of identity formation of the main character. The research instrument was the researcher herself with the help of a data recording sheet. The data analysis technique was carried out descriptively qualitatively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study indicate that the multicultural context influences the process of identity formation of the main female character through four stages, namely confusion, negotiation, declaration, and reinforcement, which show that female identity is dynamic and formed through the interaction of cultural values, religion, and social experiences. These stages of the identity process become a means for the main character to reconstruct her identity amidst the pressures of a multicultural environment. These findings contribute to the study of literary psychology, particularly in understanding the dynamics of individual identity formation influenced by multicultural experiences in contemporary Indonesian literature.

Myths of Masculine Identity and Local Traditions in Wadimor Sarong Advertisements: A Semiotic Analysis Based on Roland Barthes

Febriani Nirmawati Siagian — 2026-05-06

Studies on the construction of masculine identity myths rooted in local tradition within Indonesian cultural product advertisements remain searce. This study aims to analyze the construction of masculine identity myths and the representation of local tradition in the 2021 Sarung Wadimor advertisement using Roland Barthes’ three-level semiotic framework denotation, connotation, and myth. A descriptive qualitative method waz employed through textual observation and documentation of six advertisement scenes as units of analysis. The findings reveal three systematically operating myths: (1) a tradition-based masculinity myth that naturalizes the ideal Indonesian man as one deeply rooted in cultural heritage, (2) a religious masculinity myth that positions spiritual piety as a mandatory public component of Muslim masculine identity, and (3) a social nationalist masculinity myth that interpellates Indonesian men to percerve the choice of local products as a declaration of national pride. These three myths form a coherent ideological system through Barthes’ naturalization mechanism, transforming sarung from a mere textile product into an active medium for constructing masculine identity. This research demonstrates that advertisements not only promote products but also shape society’s perceptions of masculine identity, expanding the study of masculinity in Indonesian advertising by incorporating cultural and religious perspectives

Representation of Meaning Through the Stylistics of the Poems "Telaga", "Metamorfosa" and "Pohon Pisang" by Kusprihyanto Namma

Kristiana Rizqi Rohmah — 2026-05-06

The purpose of this study is to analyze the three poems of Kusprihyanto Namma using stylistic studies. This research is motivated by the content of Kusprihyanto Namma’s poems which have deep meanings, especially when studied using stylistic theory. Just like the three poems of Kusprihyanto Namma “Telaga” “Metamorfosa” and “Pantai Pisang” which contain a lot of diction, style of language and imagery. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with literature study so that the time and place of research are not available. The population and sample in this study are sentences in Kusprihyanto Namma’s poems entitled “Telaga”, “Metamorfosa” and “Pantai Pisang”. The research instrument used is the theory of diction, style of language and imagery. Data collection techniques by reading and taking notes. The data analysis technique uses stylistic studies. Stylistic studies are studies that interpret words or sentences. The results of the study show that there are diction, style of language and imagery in Kusprihyanto Namma’s poems. Diction includes descriptive, connotative, and concrete words. However, not every poem by Kusprihyanto Namma contains all three of these instruments. In “Telaga,” diction, figurative language, and imagery are fully represented. In “Metamorfosa,” diction and imagery are present. Meanwhile, in “Pantai Pisang,” diction and imagery are present. Although diction, imagery, and figure of speech are not fully represented, the meaning of Kusprihyanto Namma’s three poems is very significant. Good poetry is indeed poetry that has deep meaning, especially in the aspects of diction, figurative language, and imagery.

Religious Values and Filial Piety: The Short Story of the Shopper on Mother's Orders and the Relevance to Indonesian Language Learning

Saptiana Sulastri — 2026-05-09

An article titled “Religious Values and Filial Piety in the Short Story Tukang Belanja Suruhan Ibu and Its Relevance to Indonesian Language Education.” This study aims to describe the religious values and filial piety toward parents in the short story Tukang Belanja Suruhan Ibu by Silawati and to analyze its relevance to Indonesian language instruction in elementary schools. The object of the study is the text of the short story Tukang Belanja Suruhan Ibu. The population in this study is the entire text of the short story, while the sample consists of excerpts of dialogue and narration containing religious values and filial piety toward parents. The research instrument used was the researcher herself, assisted by a data recording sheet. Data collection was conducted through intensive reading and note-taking. Data analysis employed a qualitative descriptive method using a content analysis approach. The results of the study indicate the presence of religious values such as trustworthiness, honesty, and gratitude, as well as values of filial piety toward parents, including obedience, mutual aid, responsibility, and efforts to restore trust. These values are relevant for integration into Indonesian language education, particularly in children’s literary appreciation and the character development of students.

Resilience in J.S. Khairen’s Novel Dompet Ayah Sepatu Ibu: A Study of Max Weber’s Social Action

Khurun'in Rizki Az Zahra — 2026-05-10

Resilience is defined as an individual's psychological ability to adapt, survive, and bounce back from difficult situations, trauma, or significant stress. It's not just about surviving, but also about the process of recovery and becoming stronger after facing adversity. Resilient people are able to manage their emotions and remain productive. In Max Weber's perspective, social action is defined as behavior oriented towards certain goals, whether driven by individual or collective interests. This theory encompasses four main concepts, namely instrumental rationality, value rationality, traditional, and affective action. This study aims to describe the forms of resilience in the novel Dompet Ayah Sepatu Ibu by J.S. Khairen using Max Weber's theory of social action. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a sociological literary approach. The research data comes from the novel Dompet Ayah Sepatu Ibu (2023) in the form of quotations that represent the resilience of the characters' social actions in an effort to break structural poverty. The research data were collected through reading and note-taking techniques using non-test instruments, namely observation guidelines. The research data were analyzed using objective hermeneutics. The results of the study indicate the existence of forms of resilience in Max Weber's four types of social action: instrumental rationality resilience, value rationality resilience, traditional action resilience, and affective action resilience, which are causally interrelated. The research conclusion confirms that these four forms of action are the basis for the resilience of the characters in the novel.

Phonological Language Errors in the TikTok Comments Column of @diansoediro and Their Relevance to Indonesian Language Learning

Amelia Anastasya Lanti — 2026-05-10

This study aims to analyze and describe phonological errors, including phoneme changes, phoneme omissions, and phoneme additions, in the comments column of the TikTok social media account @diansoediro, and to determine their relevance to Indonesian language learning materials in schools. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a phenomenological approach. The research data consists of words found in the comments column of the TikTok account @diansoediro from January to December 2024. Data collection techniques were carried out using listening, note-taking, and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique includes three stages: data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification. The results of this study indicate that 39 phonological errors were found, consisting of 6 phoneme changes (adaptation, contraction, and metathesis); 6 phoneme omissions (apheresis, syncope, and apocope); and four additional phoneme data in the form of epenthesis and paragogue. Phonological errors are relevant to Indonesian language learning. Phonological errors are influenced by daily habits, the tendency to write spontaneously, and the informal nature of digital communication. These findings have significant relevance to Indonesian language learning in schools, particularly the writing element in Phase D Learning Outcomes. Therefore, these language error data can be used as a contextual resource to improve students' accuracy and language skills.

The Representation of Satirical Language in the Webtoon The Real Lesson: A Critical Discourse Analysis Based on Norman Fairclough’s Model

Waode Ciciyawati Muhtar — 2026-05-10

This study examines the representation of satirical language as a medium for social criticism in the webtoon The Real Lesson by Chae Yongtaek. This study was conducted as a literature review, utilizing primary data sources in the form of the webtoon text and secondary data sources from books, journals, and articles. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method using Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model. CDA, as theorized by Norman Fairclough, has three dimensions: text analysis, discourse practices, and sociocultural practices. The results of this study indicate that in the text analysis, the creator Chae Yongtaek, the writer of the webtoon The Real Lesson, employs four forms of irony manifested through negative-connoted diction, supported by transitive structures. In discourse practice, the satire is produced through intertextuality with real-life cases in South Korea, distributed via the Webtoon platform, and consumed through three decoding patterns: dominant, negotiated, and oppositional. In sociocultural practice, the satire represents social issues.

Representation of Power in Leila S. Chudori’s Novel Laut Bercerita: A Semiological Approcah by Roland Barthes

Muhammad Dzulfikar Putra Effendi — 2026-05-09

This research is motivated by the fact that Leila S. Chudori’s novel Laut Bercerita represents the history of the repressive power of the New Order through complex symbolic signs, requiring semiological theory to reveal the ideological meaning behind the text. This study aims to describe: (1) the denotative meaning of power, (2) the connotative meaning of power, (3) the mythical meaning of power, and (4) the representation of power in the novel. The method used is descriptive-qualitative with Roland Barthes’ semiological approach. The primary data source is the text of the novel Laut Bercerita. Data collection was done through close reading, while data analysis followed Barthes’ three stages of signification: identification of signs, analysis of denotation and connotation, and revelation of myth, which were then synthesized into a representation of power. The results indicate that power is represented through six main forms: (1) repression and surveillance, (2) systematic violence, (3) narrative control and propaganda, (4) psychological terror, (5) structures that monopolize the state, and (6) entities leaving permanent trauma. At the myth level, the novel dismantles the New Order’s grand narrative of stability and development by showing that power is built on systematic oppression and enforced disappearances. This study concludes that power in the novel is constructed through a sign system with literal denotative meanings and ideologically laden connotative meanings, forming myths of totalitarian power and counter-myths of resistance.

The Influence of the Flipped Classroom Model on Learning Biographical Text Writing Skills

Sri Revalina — 2026-05-09

The flipped classroom model is a pedagogical approach that reverses traditional teaching by delivering instruction—often online—outside of class, while moving homework and active learning, such as discussions and collaborative projects, into the classroom. This student-centered method allows learners to study at their own pace, improves engagement, and promotes deeper. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of the flipped classroom learning model on the writing skills of biographical texts of class X students of SMA Negeri 5 Payakumbuh. This type of research is an experiment with the Quasi Experimental Design method. The research design used is Pretest-posttest Control Group Design. The population in this study were 150 class X students of SMA Negeri 5 Payakumbuh registered in the 2025/2026 academic year. The research sample used a purposive sampling technique, namely class X.E 4 experimental class totaling 38 students taught using the flipped classroom model and class X.E 2 control class totaling 37 students taught using project-based learning. The research instrument was a performance test of writing biographical texts. Data were analyzed using parametric inferential statistics, namely the independent sample t-test using SPSS. The results showed: 1) the skills of writing biographical texts taught using project-based learning in the control group only produced a mean of 11.27 which is equivalent to a standard score of 56.35 percent which is included in the low category; 2) the skill of writing biographical texts taught using the flipped classroom model in the treatment group produced a mean of 14.05 which is equivalent to a standard score of 70.25 percent which is included in the moderate category; 3) the flipped classroom model has a significant effect on learning the skill of writing biographical texts in class X of SMA Negeri 5 Payakumbuh compared to project-based learning.

Analysis of Hate Speech in the Comments Column of the Instagram Account @ahmadsahroni88: A Pragmatic Study

Sahrina Putri Utami — 2026-05-17

This study aims to describe and classify the forms of hate speech found in the comment section of the Instagram account @ahmadsahroni88 during the period of September to October 2025 based on illocutionary speech acts within a pragmatic framework. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method. The object of the study is hate speech containing elements of insult, defamation, blasphemy, and provocation. Primary data sources were obtained from the comment columns of posts on the Instagram account @ahmadsahroni88, while secondary data were derived from books, journals, and relevant academic articles. The population includes all comments posted during the specified period, with samples taken using random sampling techniques based on hate speech criteria. The research instrument was the researcher as a human instrument, supported by a documentation instrument table. Data collection techniques involved documentation and note-taking methods. The validity of the data was tested using theoretical triangulation by comparing the data with Searle’s theory of illocutionary speech acts. The data analysis tool followed the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results of the study indicate that the forms of hate speech identified include (1) representative illocutionary speech acts containing insults, defamation, and blasphemy; (2) directive illocutionary speech acts containing insults, blasphemy, and provocation; and (3) expressive illocutionary speech acts containing insults, defamation, and blasphemy.

The Meaning of the Lyrics of Gorontalo Regional Songs in Rizky Onefyt's Album: A Semiotic Study by Roland Barthes

Nurhalima Mangilo — 2026-05-10

This research is motivated by the declining interest of the younger generation in regional songs due to the dominance of popular music in the digital space, which has resulted in a diminished understanding of local cultural values. Gorontalo regional songs serve not only as entertainment but also as a medium for transmitting values, identity, and the community’s outlook on life. This study aims to describe the representation of Gorontaloan life in song lyrics and uncover their meanings through a semiotic study. This study uses a descriptive method with a Roland Barthes semiotic approach. The research data consists of song lyrics from Rizky Onefyt’s Gorontalo folk song album. The data were collected through reading and note-taking techniques, then analyzed by identifying signifiers and signifieds, and examining meaning at three levels: denotation, connotation, and myth. The research results show that at the denotative level, song lyrics represent the concrete realities of Gorontalo society, such as places, activities, and events. At the connotative level, meaning develops into emotional and cultural representations, such as longing, togetherness, conflict, and social relationships. At the mythical level, song lyrics reproduce naturalized social values, such as identity, loyalty, sacrifice, social roles, and views on life and migration. The lyrics of Gorontalo regional songs in Rizky Onefyt’s album serve not only as aesthetic expression but also as a representation of the socio-cultural life and ideology of the community. This research is expected to contribute to literary and cultural studies and support the preservation of regional songs as a form of local cultural identity.

Evaluating OutLoud!: A CEFR-Based Digital Game for EFL Speaking Instruction

Sulistya Ningrum — 2026-05-10

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a CEFR-based situational dialogue game, OutLoud!, in improving EFL learners’ speaking competence. The research was conducted at Goolin Indonesia, a non-formal English education institution in Palembang, over several instructional sessions. The population consisted of EFL learners enrolled in the institution, with a sample of 20 participants ranging from A2 to C1 proficiency levels. The study employed a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test design. Data were collected using three instruments: a speaking test, a questionnaire, and classroom observation. The speaking test, administered before and after the intervention, assessed learners’ performance based on CEFR-aligned criteria, including fluency, grammatical accuracy, vocabulary, pronunciation, and interaction. The questionnaire used a 5-point Likert scale to measure learners’ engagement, motivation, and confidence, while observations were conducted to document participation and interaction during the learning process. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, including mean scores and percentage improvement, supported by qualitative observations. The results showed that learners’ speaking performance improved from a mean score of 62.40 in the pre-test to 75.50 in the post-test, indicating a 21% increase. In addition, questionnaire results revealed high levels of engagement (M = 4.32), motivation (M = 4.45), and confidence (M = 4.28). These findings suggest that the integration of CEFR, gamification, and situational dialogue in a digital game environment can effectively enhance speaking competence and create a positive learning experience in non-formal EFL contexts.

The Influence of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) Model on Learning Biographical Text Writing Skills

Nadine Firjatullah — 2026-05-15

The purpose of this study is to describe: 1) the skills of writing biographical texts without using the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) learning model; 2) the skills of writing biographical texts using the CIRC learning model; 3) the effect of the CIRC learning model on the skills of writing biographical texts. This study uses a descriptive-quantitative method through a quasi-experiment. The design of this study is the posttest only group design which took place in the 2025/2026 academic year at MAN 2 Padang City. The study population was all grade X students of MAN 2 Padang City who participated in the learning of biographical text writing skills both in the control class, namely Phase E4, and in the experimental class, namely Phase E5, totaling 77 students. The sample was determined as many as 65 students based on the Slavin formula divided into 32 E4 students and 33 E5 students. Data were collected using a performance test instrument. Data on biographical text writing skills were analyzed using SPSS-based descriptive statistics. Data on the influence of the learning model were analyzed using parametric inferential statistics, namely the independent sample t-test. The results of the study: 1) the skill of writing biographical texts without using the CIRC learning model is categorized as good; 2) the skill of writing biographical texts using the CIRC learning model is categorized as very good; 3) the CIRC learning model has a significant effect on the skill of writing biographical texts. The t value = -5.087 on df 65 has a sig. value of 0.00. Thus, Ho is rejected because sig. 0.000 < 0.05.

The Implications of Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory in Educational Philosophy for the Development of Character Education in Indonesia

Yulika Gita Rahayu Ningtyas — 2026-05-12

Character education in Indonesia is currently at a turning point due to students’ deviant behavior and moral deterioration. This phenomena necessitates a deeper theoretical understanding of the nature of the human psyche in order to build meaningful character. This study aims to explore how Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory has evolved within the framework of educational philosophy and how it has improved character education in Indonesia. This study used a qualitative descriptive method through library research. An examination of primary and secondary sources created between 2022 and 2026 was done to make sure the data was pertinent to the current educational setting. The findings suggest that the dynamics of the Id, Ego, and Superego personality structures have a major role in determining moral behavior. The key to developing a character with integrity is to strengthen the superego by internalizing moral principles at a young age. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory offers an axiological and epistemological basis for the creation of a character-based curriculum from the standpoint of educational philosophy. This suggests the necessity of an educational strategy that targets students’ subconscious, emotional, and psychological qualities in addition to their cognitive abilities. From a philosophical standpoint, psychoanalysis provides “consciousness-based education,” emphasizing emotional equilibrium with an axiological and epistemological basis. Indonesian character education needs to reform. Formal-legalistic tactics have been substituted with psychological-persuasive techniques that take the subconscious into account. Education must be able to sustain students’ egos in order for them to rationally and healthily moderate moral demands.

Implementation of Artificial Intelligence-Based Deep Learning Approach in Learning to Present Negotiation Texts in Front of the Class

Zilvia Agnes — 2026-05-15

The deep learning approach is a meaningful learning approach, mindful learning approach, and joyful learning approach that is believed to be able to improve the learning process and outcomes. The deep learning approach in this study is integrated with artificial intelligence. The objectives of this study are to describe: 1) the learning plan for presenting negotiation texts in front of the class using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based deep learning approach; 2) the learning outcomes of presenting negotiation texts in front of the class using an AI-based deep learning approach. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive method. This study took place in the 2025/2025 academic year at SMA Negeri 16 Padang. The research subjects consisted of a grade X Indonesian language teacher and 30 grade X students of SMA Negeri 16 Padang who were divided into six study groups. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validity was obtained through triangulation techniques of sources and methods. The results of the study indicate that the learning plan for presenting negotiation texts has been prepared in accordance with the principles of AI-based deep learning, which includes student-centered learning activities and encourages active involvement in the learning process. Furthermore, learning outcomes demonstrated an improvement in students' ability to present negotiation texts with greater confidence, systematicity, and communication. However, several challenges remained, such as time constraints, teacher preparedness, and varying student motivations. Overall, the implementation of AI-based deep learning had a positive impact on students' ability to present negotiation texts.

Writing Skills of Procedural Texts of Grade VII Students of Madani State Middle School, Pekanbaru: Descriptive Statistical Analysis

Putri Fransiska — 2026-05-13

Procedural texts are included in the narrative-factual text group, which has a core structure of orientation, materials and tools, processes, and conclusions. The dominant linguistic aspect in procedural texts is the paragraph unit per text structure. This study aims to describe the procedural text writing ability of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri Madani Pekanbaru. The study employed a quantitative approach using a descriptive method. The research was conducted from August 2025 to March 2026, involving 50 students as the population, and all of them were selected as the sample through total sampling technique. The research instrument was a performance test in writing procedural texts. The test construction procedure consisted of determining basic competencies, formulating test indicators, designing the test blueprint, constructing test items, and preparing scoring rubrics. The assessment indicators included text structure, language features, and writing mechanics. Data were collected through students’ writing products and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. The results showed that the students’ procedural text writing ability obtained an average score of 75.28, categorized as sufficient. The text structure aspect obtained an average score of 75.97 (good), language features 78.00 (good), and writing mechanics 61.50 (poor). Thus, students’ procedural text writing ability was categorized as sufficient, with the highest achievement in language features and the lowest in writing mechanics.

The Influence of the Role Play Method Based on the Group Investigation Model on the Learning Motivation of Maharah Kalam

Thalia Tanzila — 2026-05-19

The role play method based on the group investigation model is a learning method that involves students to play a role as a certain character in a situation. Students can improve their critical thinking skills, communication, collaboration, creativity, and empathy through the stages of identifying topics and dividing students into groups, planning tasks to be studied, carrying out investigations, preparing final reports, presenting final reports, and evaluation. This study aims to describe the effect of the group investigation-based role playing learning model on the motivation to learn maharah kalam. This study uses a non-experimental quantitative approach with a correlational design. The study population was 97 students of MA Al-Hikmaturrohmaniyah Sukorejo Pasuruan who followed the group investigation-based role playing learning model. The research sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique so that 30 grade XII students were obtained as respondents. The research data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire consisting of 20 statement items, namely 10 items for variable X and 10 items for variable Y. The data were analyzed using a nonparametric inferential statistical procedure, namely Spearman's rank order correlation. This procedure was chosen from non-ordinal data and sampling did not use simple random. The results of the study found a value of r = 0.597 so that the determination (R²) of 0.3564 indicates that variable X contributed 35.64% to the motivation to learn maharah kalam for grade XII students. Thus, the application of the role play model based on group investigation contributes to increasing students' learning motivation, active involvement, and courage to speak in learning maharah kalam.

The Effect of the Numbered Heads Together Cooperative Model on Students' Speaking Skills in Indonesian Language Learning

Umi Rohimah — 2026-05-19

The Numbered Heads Together (NHT) cooperative learning model is a type of cooperative learning designed to influence student interaction patterns and as an alternative to traditional classroom structures that provide opportunities for students to share ideas and consider the right answers and also encourage students to increase their spirit of cooperation. This study aims to describe the results of the pre-test and post-test of speaking skills and the effect of the NHT model on speaking skills in Indonesian language learning. This study was conducted in grade IV of SD Mit Fathrizk Laman Wak Atan, Pekanbaru which took place in the 2025/2026 academic year. This study used a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental method through a one-shot case study design. The research subjects were 25 students. Pre-test and post-test data for speaking skills were collected using an oral test in the form of a retelling task of learning materials assessed based on six indicators of speaking skills, namely pronunciation, fluency, vocabulary, grammar, content coherence, and self-confidence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed that the pre-test speaking skills were in the moderate category, while the students' speaking skills after implementing the NHT learning model were in the high category. The NHT model had a positive effect on speaking skills in Indonesian language learning in fourth grade.

Implementation of Innovative Strategies Using Special Teaching Materials in Learning Descriptive Text Reading Skills

Tri Lande — 2026-05-16

Innovative strategies are teaching methods that not only combine methods, techniques, and learning approaches but also integrate one learning objective with another. This study aims to describe: 1) This study uses a descriptive method through a quantitative-qualitative approach. The study took place at SD Negeri 104607 Sei Rotan in the odd semester of 2025/2026. The subjects were fifth-grade students of SD Negeri 104607 Sei Rotan. Data on descriptive text reading skills were collected using multiple-choice test instruments; compiled using objective procedures so that valid test requirements were met. Data on descriptive text reading skills learning procedures that apply innovative strategies; were collected using non-test instruments, namely closed observation guidelines. Data on descriptive text reading skills learning procedures that apply innovative strategies were analyzed by determining the suitability between the learning procedures in the lesson plan and the learning procedures that took place in the classroom. Pre-test and post-test data on descriptive text reading skills were analyzed using descriptive statistics, namely mean, percentage, standard deviation, mode, minimum score, and maximum score using the SPSS application. Research results: 1) the results of the pre-test on descriptive text reading skills were in the low category; 2) the learning procedure for descriptive text reading skills that applies innovative strategies is carried out in accordance with the learning procedures contained in the lesson plan; 3) the results of the post-test for descriptive text reading skills are in the high category.

Analysis of the Meaning of Denotative in the Lyrics of Baghandu "Kutang Barendo": Philosophy of Language Study

Hasnah Faizah — 2026-05-17

The Baghandu oral literary tradition inherent in the Kampar community, Riau Province, is now facing semantic dynamics that threaten its integrity due to the loss of the younger generation’s ability to parse old vocabulary. This study aims to analyze the philosophy of language from the aspect of the denotative meaning of the Baghandu text “Kutang Barendo”. The analysis uses a thematic interactive model approach through a qualitative approach. The results of the study: 1) kutang in verse-1 refers to women’s underwear, while barendo refers to the decorative edge of the cloth with a decorative hole pattern; the lexicon tampuong sayak babulu refers to the part of the coconut shell that still has coconut fiber attached naturally; the word ati denotatively refers to internal body organs that are biologically related to human subjects; 2) the word baghandu in verse-2 refers to the ritual activity of lulling a child to sleep through a soothing singing rhythm; the lexicon crib denotatively refers to a simple tool for lulling a baby to sleep that is designed to be rocked rhythmically; the word baliuong has a clear and objective denotation as a carpentry tool that resembles an axe with a transverse blade; 3) the words boghek and ghingan in verse 3 are absolute physical measurements of the mass of an object that are independent of subjectivity; the lexicon jauo and dokek precisely refer to the measured distance of geographical space; 4) the word lolok in verse 4 refers to a state of total natural rest for the entire body and mental consciousness; the lexicon jago indicates a transitional state that marks consciousness from sleep; 5) the word sicerek in verse 5 refers to the endemic Clerodendrum serratum plant; lapako refers to a type of wild plant that grows in damp or swampy environments; the lexicon ketek is a physical measurement that contrasts with besar, while lalaku refers to actions, gestures, or physical action.

The Meaning of Symbols in the Lyrics of Balinese Songs by Dek Ulik: A Semiotic Study by Roland Barthes

Ni Komang Mahatma Devi S. Yadnyaseni — 2026-05-20

Contemporary Balinese music, particularly the works of Dek Ulik, has experienced rapid development in the digital era, but the younger generation’s appreciation of the depth of symbolic meaning contained within it is still very limited. This study aims to describe the symbolic signs in the lyrics of Balinese songs by Dek Ulik that reflect the culture and society of Balinese society, analyze the meaning of each symbol found, and describe its relevance to learning Indonesian. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with Roland Barthes’s semiotic analysis method that dissects meaning through three levels, namely denotation, connotation, and myth. The object of the study is the lyrics of five Balinese songs by Dek Ulik, namely Ratih Kamajaya, Sanjiwani, Tresna Kanti Pawah, Suksma Hyang Widhi, and Nyerahang Dewek. The results show that the lyrics of these songs contain various signs that through the process of cultural convention develop into symbols. Each symbol has layers of meaning, ranging from literal meaning to ideological meaning that reflects the life views of Balinese Hindu society. Furthermore, these symbols have substantive relevance to Indonesian language learning in the Independent Curriculum in Phases D, E, and F. This study concludes that the lyrics of the song Dek Ulik are not merely a product of entertainment art, but rather a semiotic construction rich in cultural, philosophical, and ideological content of the Balinese people. This finding also confirms that regional artworks have great potential as contextual and authentic teaching materials in Indonesian language learning.

The Effect of Front-Desk Roleplay in Enhancing Hospitality Students' Speaking Skills

Safira Nur Azizah — 2026-05-20

This study aims to examine the effect of front-desk roleplay in enhancing hospitality students’ speaking skills at the vocational high school level (SMK). The research employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design, involving thirty (30) hospitality major students who participated in the front-desk roleplay treatment. Data were collected using speaking skill tests administered before and after the treatment. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and statistical analysis such as paired sample t-test and effect size. The results showed significant improvement in hospitality students’ speaking skills after the implementation of front-desk roleplay treatment. The mean score of the pretest was 67.5, which increased to 77.8 in the posttest, indicating a gain of 10.3 points. Paired sample t-test also demonstrated a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores with p-value less than 0.05. Furthermore, the effect size was > 0.8, indicating a large effect based on Cohen’s criteria and suggesting that the treatment had a large effect on students’ speaking performance. Therefore, front-desk roleplay treatment can be considered an effective learning strategy for improving students’ speaking skills. By using front-desk roleplay, students engage in simulated real-life hotel scenarios that make the learning process more meaningful, create authentic learning experiences, and align with the actual communication demands of the hospitality industry.

Banggai Language Register in Buying and Selling Interactions at Pasar Baru Banggai and Its Benefits in Indonesian Language Learning

Hasni Asis — 2026-05-18

This study aims to: 1) describe the form of Banggai language register in buying and selling interactions at Pasar Baru Banggai. 2) describe the form of Banggai language register in buying and selling interactions at Pasar Baru Banggai. 3) describe the benefits of Banggai language register in buying and selling interactions at Pasar Baru Banggai for the Indonesian language learning domain. This study uses a qualitative method with a sociolinguistic approach to analyze the use of Banggai language register in buying and selling interactions at Pasar Baru Banggai. Data were obtained through observation, recording, and listening techniques. The data for this study were recordings of dialogues between sellers and buyers at Pasar Baru Banggai. The results show that Banggai language register in buying and selling interactions has a distinctive form, in the form of the use of certain vocabulary, expressions, and language variations influenced by the communication situation and the relationship between speakers. This register serves to facilitate communication, create familiarity, and streamline the transaction process. Furthermore, the use of the Banggai register also has benefits in Indonesian language learning, particularly in enriching understanding of language variations, improving sociolinguistic competence, and serving as a contextual learning resource relevant to everyday life. Thus, the Banggai register in buying and selling interactions serves not only as a communication tool but also has educational value that can be utilized in Indonesian language learning.

Women's Resistance in Facing the Patriarchal Domination of Fathers in the Film Text Bolehkah Sekali Saja Kumenangis

Radhina Maryam — 2026-05-22

Bolehkah Sekali Saja Kumenangis is an Indonesian drama film released on October 17, 2024, directed by Reka Wijaya and written by Junisya Aurelita, Rezy Junio, Santy Diliana, and Alim Sudio. The film is inspired by the song Runtuh, popularized by Feby Putri and Fiersa Besari in 2021. This study aims to: 1) analyze the representation of the father’s patriarchal dominance in the film Bolehkah Sekali Saja Kumenangis, 2) identify the form of existential resistance of female characters against the father’s patriarchal dominance in the domestic sphere based on the perspective of Simone de Beauvoir’s existentialist feminism, and 3) explain the process of the female character’s transcendence from the position of The Other to the existential subject according to Simone de Beauvoir. This research was conducted in 2026 at Surabaya State University. The research population was all scenes and dialogue texts in the film Bolehkah Sekali Saja Kumenangis by Reka Wijaya, with samples in the form of scenes and dialogues that represent the father’s patriarchal dominance, existential resistance, and the process of the female character’s transcendence. The research instrument was a human instrument (the researcher herself) assisted by a data classification table. The data analysis tool used the Miles and Huberman model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show three main findings. First, the father’s patriarchal dominance is represented through four forms: structural, psychological, verbal, and restrictions on movement. Second, the female characters’ existential resistance takes the form of active resistance, with Tari demonstrating resistance from the beginning of the film and Ibu at the climax. Third, the female characters’ process of transcendence from the position of The Other, the process of transcendence, and existential freedom.

Representation of Poverty as A Social Reality in the Novel Teruslah Bodoh Jangan Pintar By Tere Liye: Swingewood Theory

Sindi Eka Yunita — 2026-05-22

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Conceptualization of Metaphor in the MALAKA YouTube Channel: A Cognitive Semantic Study

Aji Permadi — 2026-05-30

This study is motivated by the importance of metaphors as a cognitive mechanism that helps humans understand abstract concepts through more concrete experiences. In educational discourse, metaphors are often used to facilitate the communication of complex ideas to audiences, including in educational video content. However, research on the conceptualization of metaphors in video media, particularly on educational YouTube channels, remains relatively limited. Therefore, this study aims to uncover the types of structural, orientational, and ontological metaphorical conceptualization in the MALAKA YouTube channel, specifically in the Expert Class segment. This study employs a descriptive research design with a qualitative approach. The data sources consist of eleven videos in the “Expert Class” segment on the MALAKA YouTube channel, while the research data comprises words, phrases, clauses, or sentences containing metaphorical expressions. Data were collected through documentation techniques using the observe-and-record procedure, then analyzed using extralinguistic mapping techniques based on Lakoff and Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory. The results indicate that metaphor conceptualization on the MALAKA YouTube channel utilizes three types of conceptual metaphors: structural, orientational, and ontological. Structural metaphors exhibit three mapping patterns: journey, illness, and war. Orientational metaphors display top–bottom, front–back, and inside–outside orientations. Meanwhile, ontological metaphors exhibit patterns of personification, reification, and containerization. These findings indicate that metaphors in the MALAKA discourse do not merely function as rhetorical variations but as conceptual mechanisms that help construct an understanding of abstract reality through concrete experiences.

Comparison of Speech Skills of 8th and 9th Grade Students with the Theme of Interfaith Tolerance at SMP Negeri 1 Tarik

Abdurrahman Hakim — 2026-05-30

This study aims to analyze and compare the public speaking skills of eighth- and ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Tarik on the theme of interfaith tolerance. The study employed a quantitative approach with a comparative design. The study sample consisted of 30 students, comprising 15 eighth-grade students and 15 ninth-grade students. Data were collected through a speech performance test using an assessment rubric that covered aspects of content mastery, speech structure, language, delivery techniques, and time management. Data analysis was conducted descriptively and inferentially. A preliminary test indicated that the data were not fully normally distributed; therefore, the Mann–Whitney U test was used to test for differences between groups. The results of the study showed that the public speaking skills of eighth-grade students fell into the “very good” category with an average of 96.13 and a relatively homogeneous distribution of scores, while ninth-grade students fell into the “good” category with an average of 90.27 and a wider variation in scores. The results of the Mann–Whitney U test indicated a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). In general, eighth-grade students demonstrated higher achievement in nearly all assessment aspects compared to ninth-grade students. These findings indicate that public speaking ability is not solely influenced by grade level but also by other factors such as the intensity of practice, mastery of the material, motivation, and students’ psychological conditions. This study underscores the importance of implementing adaptive, continuous, and process-oriented speaking learning strategies to optimally improve students’ public speaking skills.

A Comparison of Pan & Kosicki's Framing Syntactic Structures in Reporting on the Fake Joko Widodo 2025 Diploma Case in Electronic Media

Siti Nurhalisa Pobela — 2026-05-23

This study aims to compare the syntactic structures of Pan & Kosicki's framing in reporting on the fake Joko Widodo 2025 diploma issue on Kompas.com and Tribunnews.com. The research was conducted online from April to May 2025 through access to both media sites. The study population was all news articles related to the fake Joko Widodo 2025 diploma issue, with a sample of eight articles (four articles per media) purposively selected based on the following criteria: thematic relevance, balance in quantity, and publication timeframe. The research instrument was a framing analysis sheet based on the Pan & Kosicki model, which focuses on five elements of syntactic structure: headline, lead, background information, source quotations, and conclusion. The data analysis technique was carried out by adapting the Pan & Kosicki framing model with the following steps: reading techniques, note-taking techniques, identification of syntactic elements, categorization and interpretation, and comparative analysis between Kompas.com and Tribunnews.com. The results of the study show that Kompas.com tends to build legal-formal and pro-legitimacy framing with the following characteristics: informative-procedural titles (the word "make sure"), leads sourced from institutional authority, systematic and legal process-oriented background information, dominance of quotes from officials and Jokowi's attorneys, and a closing that emphasizes the legal process. In contrast, Tribunnews.com tends to build conflictual and semi-neutral framing with the following characteristics: dramatic-sensational titles (the phrase "ternyata"), leads that vary and do not fully represent the content, background information that expands the conflict, providing space for the reported party (Roy Suryo, Eggi Sudjana), and a hanging and multi-interpretable closing.

Netizens of Rhetorical Strategy in Responding to President Prabowo Subianto's Political Policy Campaign on Budget Cuts

Helmin Maele — 2026-05-23

This study aims to describe the forms and identify patterns of netizens' rhetorical strategies in the comments section in response to President Prabowo Subianto's political campaign policy regarding budget cuts. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive qualitative approach. The data analyzed consisted of public comments sourced from the KompasTV YouTube video titled "Prabowo Bluntly: Some Oppose Him Regarding Budget Cuts, Feeling Like a Little King!". Data collection techniques were carried out through reading techniques, documentation techniques, and purposive sampling techniques. The data analysis technique includes three stages: data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing and verification. The results of this study indicate that 55 netizens' rhetorical strategies were found, consisting of 2 Ethos (3.6%), 15 Pathos (27.3%), 8 Logos (14.5%), 24 Pathos + Logos combinations (43.6%), 2 Ethos + Pathos combinations (3.6%), and 4 Ethos + Pathos + Logos combinations (7.3%). These rhetorical strategies are demonstrated through the use of references to figures, personal experiences, emotional sentences, satire, rhetorical questions, and logical arguments. These findings indicate that netizens tend to combine emotional elements and logical reasoning when expressing their opinions regarding President Prabowo Subianto's budget cuts policy on digital media.

Application of Ecucandy in Listening Skills Learning of Descriptive Texts for Grade IX Students of SMP Negeri 1 Telaga

Tedi Korompot — 2026-05-30

This study aimed to describe the implementation of Educandy in teaching listening skills for descriptive texts to ninth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Telaga and to identify students’ responses toward the use of the media. This study employed a descriptive approach with a qualitative research design. The population consisted of all ninth-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Telaga, while the sample included 28 students and one Indonesian language teacher. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and learning achievement tests. The data were analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques to obtain a clear description of the learning process and outcomes. The findings revealed that the implementation of Educandy in descriptive text learning effectively improved students’ listening comprehension skills. This was indicated by the results of the Educandy quiz, which showed that 25 students achieved learning mastery with scores ranging from 120 to 193, while 3 students were still categorized as low achievers. The percentage of students’ learning mastery reached 89.29%. In addition, students gave positive responses to the use of Educandy because the media made the learning process more interesting, interactive, enjoyable, and capable of increasing students’ learning motivation and understanding of descriptive text materials.

The Influence of the Culturally Responsive Teaching Approach on Learning Observation Results Report Text Writing Skills

Clara Naida Wardani — 2026-05-24

The Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) approach is a learning approach that is believed to optimize learning outcomes. The CRT approach is believed to improve the skills of writing observational report texts (LHO). This study aims to describe: 1) the implementation of learning using the CRT approach for LHO text writing skills. The study used a quasi-experimental quantitative approach with a nonequivalent control group design. The research sample was selected using a simple random sampling technique, finding the experimental class (VIII C) and the control class (VIII D). Learning data were collected using a non-test instrument, namely observation guidelines. Learning outcome data were analyzed using parametric inferential statistical procedures assisted by SPSS version 25. The results of the study showed that the implementation of learning went very well, evidenced by the observation score of educator activity of 89% and student activity of 90%; 2) learning outcomes in the experimental class were 29 students (90.63%) who completed learning with a score of 80.00, while in the control class only 20 students (62.50%). The mean value of the initial test of the experimental class was 52.81 which increased by 85.94. Meanwhile, the mean value of the initial test of the control class was 52.66 which increased to 76.72. Changes in learning outcomes in the experimental class were higher than those in the control class. The normality test showed that the data were normally distributed, while the independent t-test produced a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.001 < 0.05. Thus, there was a significant influence on the implementation of the CRT approach.

The Adaptation of Almira Bastari’s Novel Home Sweet Loan into a Movie by Sabrina Rochelle Kalangie: A Study of Movie Adaptation

Radita Ainun Salsabila — 2026-05-24

This study aims to describe the transformation of Almira Bastari’s novel Home Sweet Loan into a movie directed by Sabrina Rochelle Kalangie through a screen adaptation analysis. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using the techniques of reading, observing, and note-taking. The research data consists of excerpts from the novel and movie scenes that demonstrate these changes. Data analysis was performed by classifying the data into three forms of change: reduction, addition, and variation. The results of the study indicate that (1) reduction occurred in the plot, characterization, and conflict to accommodate the movie’s runtime; (2) additions were made to enhance the drama and visual storytelling; (3) variations were evident in modifications to the plot, characters, and setting tailored to cinematic needs. These findings indicate that the screen adaptation process not only transfers the story but also reconstructs its meaning to suit the medium of movie.

Conversational Language Patterns Among Students at Darul Falah 3 Islamic Boarding School in Jombang: A Sociolinguistic Study

Asya Lyra Chaza Fatka — 2026-05-24

This study aims to describe the pattern of language variation in the speech acts of students at the Darul Falah 3 Islamic Boarding School in Jombang using a qualitative approach through the method of communication ethnography. The research data consists of students' speech obtained through the technique of free listening and conversation (SBLC) and documentation in various communication situations in the Islamic boarding school environment. The results of the study indicate that students' communication is characterized by the use of diverse language variations, including Indonesian-Arabic, ngoko-krama, Javanese-English, Javanese-Indonesian, and kromo-ngoko. These variations emerge as a form of adaptation to the students' diverse linguistic backgrounds, communication situations, and social relationships between speakers. The use of Arabic serves as a marker of religious identity, the transition between ngoko and krama reflects an awareness of norms of politeness and social hierarchy, while code-mixing with English shows the influence of modernity and is used to create familiarity in casual interactions. Overall, the language variations in students' communication not only function as a means of conveying information, but also as a means of expressing identity, maintaining social relationships, and adapting to the norms prevailing in the Islamic boarding school environment, thus showing that students' linguistic practices are dynamic and contextual.

The Construction of the Role of Single Father and the Internalization of Family Values in Waleed El Halfawy's Drama Series Catalog

Marsha Meliana Putri — 2026-05-30

This research is motivated by the growing representation of literature in visual media, especially digital drama series, as a medium for conveying character values in the family. The digital drama series Catalog by Waleed El Halfawy presents a new construction of the single father figure in the context of contemporary Arab culture which is still rarely studied and is seen as containing various aspects related to family values. This study aims to analyze visual and verbal signs in constructing the role of a single father and describe the internalization of family character values contained in the digital drama series Catalog. The theory used is Charles Sanders Peirce's triadic semiotics through the relationship of representamen, objects, and interpretants, which is combined with Syamsul Kurniawan's character education theory. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative method with a note-taking technique as the main method of data collection based on time triangulation. The results of the study found twenty-three relevant scene data from eight episodes, with four internalized family values, namely the value of honesty in four data, the value of discipline in two data, the value of hard work in five data and the value of responsibility in twelve data. This study concludes that the drama series Catalog represents the transformation of the role of a single father from an absent figure to an actively present figure, while also functioning as a medium for representing family character values in the context of contemporary Arab culture.

Representation of the Imagination of Western and Eastern Orientalism in the Novel Sang Raja by Iksaka Banu: A Postcolonial Study

Arba Al Fitriatus Sofyan — 2026-05-30

This study aims to describe and explain the Orientalist imagination in Iksaka Banu’s novel Sang Raja using Edward W. Said’s framework, namely: (1) the Oriental imagination as a simple and inferior native, (2) the Western imagination as a superior and legitimate subject, and (3) the ambivalent imagination in the power relations between the West and the East. The study was conducted on the novel *Sang Raja* by Iksaka Banu. The research source was the novel *Sang Raja*, while the research data consisted of narrative excerpts, dialogues, and events containing representations of Western and Eastern Orientalism. The research instrument was the researcher themselves, aided by a corpus of data. Data analysis was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method with content analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate the presence of stereotypes of Eastern inferiority, constructions of Western superiority, and ambivalence in power relations. These findings confirm that Orientalism is not merely an imaginative representation but also functions as ideological legitimization of colonial domination.

The Effectiveness of the Radec Learning Model Assisted by Wordwall Media on Critical Reading Skills

Kenya Ziva Mahendra — 2026-05-25

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the RADEC (Read, Answer, Discuss, Explain, Create) learning model assisted by Wordwall media on the critical reading skills of fourth-grade students. The research was conducted at SDN 122 Pekanbaru during the even semester of the 2025/2026 academic year. The research population included all fourth-grade students at SDN 122 Pekanbaru, with a sample of 44 students consisting of class IV.A (22 students) as the experimental group and class IV.B (22 students) as the control group, determined using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument was a critical reading ability test in the form of validated essay questions. Data analysis tools included prerequisite tests (normality and homogeneity tests), hypothesis testing using the Independent Samples T-Test, and the N-Gain test to measure the level of effectiveness. The results showed a significant influence of the RADEC model assisted by Wordwall media, evidenced by a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.010 < 0.05. The effectiveness level in the experimental group showed an average N-Gain of 0.3039, categorized as moderate, while the control group reached 0.2010, categorized as low. Thus, it can be concluded that the RADEC learning model assisted by Wordwall media is effective in improving the critical reading skills of fourth-grade students at SDN 122 Pekanbaru
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The Effect of Canva-Based Infographic Media on the Advertising Text Writing Skills of Grade VIII Students at SMP Negeri 2 Watulimo

Diah Ayu Saputri — 2026-05-25

Canva is an online graphic design application that can be used to create various types of designs such as infographics, a combination of information and graphics that can help readers understand information more easily. This study aims to describe: 1) the application of Canva-based infographic media in learning advertising text writing skills; 2) analyze the effect of using Canva-based infographic media on advertising text writing skills; 3) identify student responses regarding the application of Canva-based infographic media in learning advertising text writing skills. This study was conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Watulimo using a quantitative approach by implementing a quasi-experimental method through a pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample included 29 students in the experimental class and 26 students in the control class. Learning data were collected using observation guidelines and questionnaires while advertising text writing skills data were collected using test instruments (pretest and posttest). Learning data were analyzed thematically while advertising text writing skills data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed that the average value of the experimental class increased from 67 to 81, while the value of the control class increased from 60 to 70. Thus, the use of Canva-based infographic media has a significant influence on advertising text writing skills.

The Influence of Using the Animated Film Media Boboiboy Galaksi Gentar on Fantasy Story Writing Skill

Isnaini Aminatuz Zahra — 2026-05-30

Digital transformation in the world of education has encouraged changes in learning strategies, including the use of audiovisual media in the form of animated films as a more engaging and interactive learning tool. This research is motivated by the importance of learning innovation to improve students' attention, motivation, and writing skills. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using the animated film Boboiboy Galaksi Gentar on participants' fantasy story writing skills. This study used a quantitative descriptive method. The study took place in the odd semester of the 2025/2026 academic year at SMPN 19 Surabaya. The study used a quantitative approach with an experimental method based on a true experimental design. The study population was grade VII students who took the pre-test, took part in fantasy story writing skills learning, and took the post-test. They numbered 29 students in grade VI-A as the treatment group and 22 students in grade VII-J as the control group. The sample was determined to be 26 students in the treatment group and 20 students in the control group. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, pre-test, and post-test to measure the improvement in students' writing skills before and after the treatment was given. The results showed that the average pretest score in the experimental class was 65.75, increasing to 83.75 in the posttest. Meanwhile, the control class experienced an increase from 68.30 to 79.38. The increase in the experimental class was higher than the control class with a difference of 18 points. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the use of the animated film Boboiboy Galaksi Gentar has a significant effect on improving the fantasy narrative writing ability of seventh grade students at SMPN 19 Surabaya.

Correlation Between Reading Interest and News Text Writing Skills of Grade VII Students of SMP Negeri 24 Padang

Azzurra Azhari — 2026-05-26

Reading interest is a source of motivation that encourages individuals to carry out activities to obtain information from written sources while news text writing skills are activities to express ideas in writing using the structure of orientation, events, and information about 5W + H. This study aims to describe: 1) the reading interest of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 24 Padang; 2) the news text writing skills of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 24 Padang; 3) the correlation between reading interest and news text writing skills of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 24 Padang. This type of research is quantitative with a correlational research design. This research took place in the 2025/2026 academic year. The population of this study was all seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 24 Padang in 2025/2026, totaling 255 people. Sampling in this study was determined using a cluster sampling technique set at 24%, namely 61 students. Reading interest data in this study were collected using a reading interest questionnaire containing statements related to reading interest. Data on news text writing skills were collected using a test instrument in the form of giving students assignments to create news texts with a predetermined theme. Data on reading interest were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data on news text writing skills were also analyzed using descriptive statistics. The correlation between reading interest and news text writing skills was analyzed using Spearman's correlation. The results of the study: 1) the reading interest of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 24 Padang is in good qualifications; 2) the news text writing skills of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 24 Padang are in good qualifications; 3) the correlation between reading interest and news text writing skills only produces r = 0.699; included in a high relationship; the coefficient of determination is 48.86 percent.

Manifestation of Mental Disorder of Janu Character in the Novel Manusia dan Badainya by Syahid Muhammad: A Psychopathological Perspective

Niranda Oki — 2026-05-26

This study aims to describe the types of mental disorders experienced by the character Janu in the novel Manusia dan Badainya by Syahid Muhammad. Mental disorders are analyzed using a psychopathology perspective to reveal the complexity of the character’s psychological condition. The research data source is the entire 300-page novel, while specific data are in the form of narrative excerpts and dialogues that indicate mental disorders. The main research instrument is the researcher himself, assisted by a data classification table based on psychopathology theory. The data analysis technique applies a literary psychology approach by integrating structural analysis focusing on the elements that build the story and psychological analysis. The results of the study indicate that the character Janu experiences four types of mental disorders that are interrelated. First, anxiety disorder characterized by excessive fear and panic attacks. Second, depressive disorder as the most dominant manifestation, including withdrawal from the environment, lack of appetite, self-blame, a desire to give up, unstable moods, and loss of enthusiasm for self-care. Third, post-traumatic stress disorder is reflected in emotional reactions to traumatic triggers and avoidance behavior. Fourth, adolescent stress disorder is manifested through unhealthy emotional dependence on partners and a poor relationship with the mother. These four types of disorders reinforce each other, making Janu’s psychological burden increasingly complex and difficult to unravel. This finding enriches the study of literary psychology, particularly in representing the mental health of fictional teenage characters.

Social Interaction as a Determining Factor of Friendship Quality in the Novel Melangkah by Js Khairen.

Inayah Nuraulia Mokodongan — 2026-05-26

Friendship is a fundamental social institution that serves as a forum for social interaction and psychological support for adolescents and young adults. This study examines the determinants of friendship quality in JS Khairen's novel "Melangkah" (Step Away) using a sociology of literature approach and descriptive qualitative methods. The analysis focuses on the formation of authentic friendships through the dynamics of intensive interactions between the characters Arif, Siti, Ocha, and Aura as they face various crises. The results show that friendship quality is determined by the synergy of three main factors. First, individual factors include complementary personality traits such as Siti's self-confidence and Arif's composure, a shared interest in pencak silat, and prosocial moral values ??that transform vulnerability into collective strength. Second, situational factors, such as survival experiences in extreme places like caves in Sumba, act as a powerful catalyst, transforming ordinary relationships into bonds of solidarity that withstand crises and provide mutual protection. Third, environmental factors include adaptation to Sumbanese local wisdom, a sincere acceptance of economic limitations with an anti-materialist approach, and the constructive use of social media for social contribution. This study aims to analyze the determinants of authentic friendship quality in JS Khairen's novel "Melangkah" (Step Away) using a sociological approach. Furthermore, this research is expected to provide practical insights as a reference for improving the quality of social interactions in real life.

The Stream of Consciousness of Exiled Characters in the Novel Pulang by Leila S. Chudori: A Direct, Free Discourse Analysis

Kartika Amalia Neno — 2026-05-26

This study aims to analyze free direct discourse as a representation of exile characters’ stream of consciousness in Leila S. Chudori’s novel Pulang using a pragmatic stylistics approach. Grounded in Elizabeth Black’s (2016) framework, the research addresses three objectives: (1) to identify the forms of free direct discourse in the novel, (2) to examine its pragmatic functions in representing the psychological conditions of exile characters, and (3) to interpret its stylistic implications for reading historical trauma and identity crises. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical method, data were collected purposively from the novel based on Black’s linguistic criteria. Out of 33 identified instances, three representative excerpts were selected for in-depth analysis using qualitative content analysis, pragmatic interpretation, and stylistic evaluation. The findings reveal three primary forms of free direct discourse: (1) chained rhetorical questions that depict existential confusion and fragmented cognition; (2) expressions of astonishment and disbelief that articulate the absurdity of exile and function as existential protest; and (3) reflective criticism of official historical narratives that demonstrate mature critical awareness. Pragmatically, these forms operate as narrative strategies that authentically reconstruct traumatic memory, foster emotional immediacy with readers, and serve as subtle ideological critiques against historical repression and collective amnesia. A systematic psychological gradation—from confusion and shock to critical reflection—indicates that free direct discourse also mirrors the characters’ gradual psychological recovery. This study contributes to the development of pragmatic stylistics in contemporary Indonesian fiction and offers a linguistic lens for reading historical trauma through narrative form.

Symbolic Violence of Patriarchy: Forms of Physical and Verbal Bullying Against Alie in Lenn Liu's Novel Rumah Untuk Alie

Destilawati Noho — 2026-05-27

This study aims to describe the forms of physical and verbal bullying experienced by the character Alie in the novel Rumah untuk Alie by Lenn Liu and analyze the representation of symbolic patriarchal violence in family relations. The study was conducted at the Gorontalo State University Library from January to March 2026. The research population was the entire text of the novel Rumah untuk Alie, fifth edition (2024, 262 pages), with samples in the form of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs that contain indications of physical and verbal bullying against the character Alie. The main data sources are presented in the form of story excerpts containing bullying. The research instrument was the researcher herself assisted by a bullying classification table based on Coloroso’s typology. The data analysis technique used feminist literary criticism with the steps of text identification, interpretation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that Alie experienced various forms of physical bullying, such as hitting, kicking, hair pulling, grabbing, pushing, dragging, throwing, hitting, and physical harassment. In addition, Alie also experiences verbal bullying in the form of insults such as “murderer”, “whore” and “daughter of a servant”, threats “JUST DIE!”, accusations, shouts, and curses. Most of the bullying comes from her father (Abimanyu) and her four older brothers (Sadipta, Rendra, Samuel, Natta). This physical and verbal bullying represents symbolic patriarchal violence carried out through three simultaneous mechanisms: stigmatization, legitimization, and isolation. Thus, the novel critiques the weak protection of victims of domestic violence in Indonesia.

Illocutionary Speech Acts of the Devil Character in the Dialogue of the Animated Film Adam and the Devil on YouTube One Way Production

Marisa Hasna Kaamilah — 2026-05-30

The research on illocutionary speech acts of the Devil character in the dialogue of the animated film Adam and the Devil on YouTube One Way Production contains various aspects of the meaning of speech acts from each dialogue, especially in the Devil character. This study aims to describe: 1) the types of illocutionary speech acts in the dialogue of the animated film Adam and the Devil; 2) the function of illocutionary speech acts in the dialogue of the animated film Adam and the Devil. This study uses John R. Searle's theory which classifies illocutionary speech acts into 5 types, namely; assertive, expressive, directive, commissive, and declarative illocutionary. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with the technique of listening and noting in data collection, and the pragmatic matching method in data analysis based on time triangulation. This study produced 309 data types of illocutionary speech acts with a description of 126 assertive illocutionary data, 58 expressive illocutionary data, 117 directive illocutionary data, 8 commissive illocutionary data. Meanwhile, in the devil's dialogue in the animated film Adam and Iblis, there is no declarative illocutionary act found. This study covers various functions of illocutionary speech acts in the dialogue of the animated film Adam and Iblis such as; guessing, estimating, explaining, accusing, forbidding, persuading, praying, fearing, promising and swearing. Assertive illocutionary speech acts are the dominant type of illocutionary speech acts used in the Devil's dialogue in the animated film Adam and Iblis.

The IInfluence of the Learning Tournament Strategy on Reading Skills in Observation Results Report Text

Sinsin Nurhaliza — 2026-05-30

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Learning Tournament Strategy on the reading comprehension skills of observational report texts at SMP Negeri 5 Kota Sukabumi in the 2025/2026 Academic Year by paying attention to students’ reading comprehension skills before and after the implementation of the Learning Tournament learning strategy. The duration of the study was five months calculated from November 2025 to April 2026 using a true experimental pretest-posttest design. The research target was class VIII at SMP Negeri 5 Kota Sukabumi in the 2025/2026 Academic Year. Researchers used cluster sampling to determine the sample for each group. Class VIII-B as the experimental group and class VIII-C as the control group, while the research instruments used were written pretest and posttest tests. Based on the results of the research conducted by researchers, 36 experimental group data and 30 control group data were obtained, researchers used the Wilcoxon Test in analyzing the research data. The results of the Wilcoxon test show that the initial ability of students shows that the control class has a reading comprehension ability that is superior to the experimental class, meanwhile after the Learning Tournament strategy is applied, the reading comprehension ability of students in the experimental group can be superior to the control class. The Wilcoxon test also proves that the pretest-posttest results of the experimental group have a significant difference obtained with a significance value of 0.001, in contrast to the pretest-posttest results of the control group which show no significant difference with a significance result of 0.440.

Collocation Analysis in Kompas Digital Short Stories and Its Relevance to Indonesian Language Learning: A Semantic Study

Amelia K.D. Sinaga — 2026-05-29

This study discusses the use of collocation in digital short stories published in Kompas.com (edition 1–31 October 2025) and its relevance to Indonesian language learning in vocational high schools. Collocation as a linguistic phenomenon that shows the tendency of two or more words to appear together naturally has an important role in building meaning, atmosphere, and aesthetic effects in literary texts. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with documentation, reading, and note-taking techniques. Data analysis was carried out through the interactive model of Miles and Huberman and interpreted using cognitive semantic theory, especially conceptual metaphors from Lakoff and Johnson. The results show that of the 565 collocation data found, lexical collocations dominate (430 data) with the most common patterns being noun + adjective, noun + noun, and verb + noun. Meanwhile, grammatical collocations (135 data) are dominated by the pattern of verb + preposition + noun. A total of 57 collocations have metaphorical meanings, such as anger subsides, mountain in my chest, harsh criticism, and demanding life, which reflect a conceptual mapping from the concrete source domain to the abstract target domain. The results of a questionnaire to four Indonesian language teachers indicate that Kompas.com's digital short stories are considered high-quality teaching materials and relevant to the digital literacy-based curriculum, and collocation is considered important for developing students' literary text analysis skills, implicit interpretation of meaning, and creative writing skills. Thus, this study provides a theoretical contribution to the development of cognitive semantics and a practical contribution as an alternative innovative teaching material in the digital era.

Resisting Patriarchal Hegemony: Baiduri’s Struggle Against Walid as a Religious Opportunist in the Series Bidaah

Mohammad Maulidina Irawan — 2026-05-30

This study examines the representation of patriarchal hegemony and forms of women’s resistance in the Bidaah series through the perspectives of Antonio Gramsci’s hegemony and Simone de Beauvoir’s existentialist feminism. The main focus of this study is on the power relations established by the character Walid as a religious leader, as well as the resistance efforts undertaken by the character Baiduri in dismantling the practice of exploiting religion. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data analysis techniques in the form of dialogue, gestures, and expressions of characters in relevant scenes. The results of the study indicate that patriarchal hegemony in this series is built through consensus originating from ideology, popular beliefs, and common sense that are legitimized by religious symbols. Walid plays the role of a traditional intellectual who not only produces discourse but also instills values that are voluntarily accepted by the congregation. This hegemony is evident in ritual practices, pondok rules, and social relations that place women as subordinate subjects. On the other hand, Baiduri is presented as a representation of an organic intellectual who carries out resistance through critical awareness, verbal rejection, and symbolic actions against unjust practices. From an existentialist feminist perspective, Baiduri’s resistance reflects an attempt at transcendence, a critique of patriarchal myth, biology, and psychoanalysis, and a struggle for freedom and existential autonomy. Baiduri rejects the labeling of women as passive and affirms her existence as an independent subject. Thus, this study emphasizes that resistance to patriarchal hegemony is not always confrontational, but can emerge through intellectual awareness and the courage to question established authority. The Bidaah series not only represents the practice of religious-based domination but also presents an emancipatory narrative about women’s struggle to maintain their dignity and freedom.

The Influence of the Deep Learning Approach from the Constructivism Approach Perspective on Biographical Text Writing Skills

Winda Simbolon — 2026-05-29

The constructivist-based deep learning approach is a learning approach that prioritizes high-level thinking skills through an inductive model that is believed to be able to achieve learning objectives. This study aims to determine: 1) the pre-test results of biographical text writing skills; 2) the post-test results of biographical text writing skills; 3) the effect of implementing a constructivist-based deep learning approach on biographical text writing skills. This study uses a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design in the form of a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study took place at SMK Telkom 1 Medan in the 2025/2026 academic year. The population of this study was 32 students of class X RPL 2 SMK Telkom 1 Medan who participated in the pre-posttest and learning activities of biographical text writing skills using a constructivist-based deep learning approach. The research sample was 30 students determined based on a statistical formula. The instrument used was a biographical text writing skills test that was compiled using systematic and objective procedures to produce test specifications as a basis for compiling the test. The research data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test. The results of the study showed: 1) the mean pre-test of biographical text writing skills was 48.23 (very poor category); 2) the mean post-test of biographical text writing skills was 84.6 (very good category); 3) the application of a deep learning approach based on a constructivist approach had a significant effect on biographical text writing skills.

Language Crimes in the Form of Threats at the Gorontalo Regional Police and Their Implications for Indonesian Language Learning in High Schools

Elastri Bahutala — 2026-05-30

This study aims to describe the forms of language crimes (word groups and clauses) of threats in the Gorontalo Regional Police; describe the function of language crimes in the form of threats in the Gorontalo Regional Police; describe the meaning of language crimes in the form of threats in the Gorontalo Regional Police; and how the results of this study are implied in Indonesian language learning in high schools. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method of case study type with a forensic linguistic approach. The research data sources are official documents in the form of data recaps of language crime cases containing threats from the Gorontalo Regional Police and its relatives (Gorontalo City Police, Bone Bolango Police, and Gorontalo Resort Police) during a certain period. The data were analyzed systematically through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, using pragmatic theory to analyze function and meaning. The results of the study show that from 11 cases of language crimes in the form of threats in the Gorontalo Regional Police, namely 7 word groups, namely "viral," "kill," "hit," "die," "bage," and "cut-piece". There were eight clauses, predominantly declarative or declarative, and conditional. The linguistic functions of threats were identified as conative and emotive, each representing 11 items. The meaning of the threats was analyzed based on their conceptual and contextual meanings. The conceptual meanings of the word groups identified directly refer to violence and harm. The contextual meanings emphasized the intent of the threats, considering the addressee and their primary purpose, which was to intimidate and frighten the victim. The results of this study can be used as case studies to train students not only to be linguistically skilled but also to be ethically, critically, and socially and legally responsible.

Directive Speech Acts and Speaking Strategies of Teachers in Biography Text Learning

Fani Indah Kurniawati — 2026-05-30

This study aims to describe the forms of directive speech acts and speaking strategies used by Indonesian language teachers during biography text learning in Grade X of SMA Negeri 1 Ampek Angkek. This research employed a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data were collected from January 27 to February 10, 2026, across four meeting sessions. The data sources consisted of oral utterances produced by the Indonesian language teacher, Ibu Revvi Mithania, S.Pd., M.Pd., Gr., during classroom interactions. Data collection techniques included non-participant observation (SLBC), note-taking, and audio-video recording. Data validation used triangulation techniques involving the researcher, the academic supervisor, and a language expert. The analysis involved transcription, identification, classification, and interpretation of directive utterances. The findings revealed 203 directive speech act utterances comprising six forms: (1) questioning with 106 utterances (52.2%), (2) ordering with 64 utterances (31.5%), (3) requesting with 2 utterances (1.0%), (4) demanding with 14 utterances (6.9%), (5) advising with 12 utterances (5.9%), and (6) challenging with 5 utterances (2.5%). Regarding speaking strategies, four strategies were identified: (1) bald on-record (BTTB) with 139 utterances (68.5%), (2) positive politeness (BTBKP) with 54 utterances (26.6%), (3) negative politeness (BTBKN) with 5 utterances (2.5%), and (4) off-record (BSS) with 5 utterances (2.5%). The off-heart strategy (BDH) was not found. The dominant use of the questioning form and the bald on-record strategy indicates that the teacher prioritized direct and efficient communication during biography text learning.

The Effectiveness of Using the Differentiation-Based Wattpad Application in Teaching Intertextuality in Hikayat to Become Short Stories

Rahmah Diva Aprilia — 2026-05-30

Initial observations conducted on students of class X AKL-1 SMK Mudisa showed that there were difficulties faced by students in learning the intertext of hikayat into short stories. This was seen from the low student scores and supported by teacher validation which stated that students still had difficulty in developing stories, so that learning media that was close to students was needed, namely the Wattpad application. This study aims to describe the effectiveness of using the Wattpad application in the process of learning the intertext of hikayat into short stories which was also based on non-cognitive differentiation. This study applied an experimental method with a pre-experimental research type with one group pre-test post-test design. The subjects of this study were 21 students of class 10 AKL-2 SMK Mudisa. The data that can be summarized in the writing published on the Wattpad application, both initial test data and final test data. The data that has been obtained will then be analyzed using statistics according to the inferential statistical process, namely one sample test and paired samples statistics test through the SPSS application version 16.0 windows. This research obtained the following results: (1) the initial test conducted on students in the process of learning the intertext of fairy tales into short stories was in the less category with an average of 55.14; (2) the results of the final test of intertext of fairy tales into short stories were at an average of 88.40 after non-cognitive differentiation-based learning and the use of the Wattpad application; (3) a clear difference in the initial test results with a score of 55.14 increasing in the final test with a score of 88.40, so that the increase with an average of 33.76 proves that the use of the Wattpad application based on non-cognitive differentiation is effective in learning the intertext of fairy tales into short stories.

Multilingual Linguistic Landscape in Lombok Tourism Area as a Social Education Media and Representation of Cultural Identity

Arini Noor Izzati — 2026-05-31

This study explores how multilingual signage is used in tourism areas in Lombok and considers its role in shaping both communication practices and cultural identity. The research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach with a sociolinguistic perspective, drawing on observations, documentation, and a limited number of interviews. The data consist of various forms of public signage, including direction signs, shop names, advertisements, and tourist information boards found across major tourist destinations. The findings suggest that most signage combines Indonesian and English, reflecting a clear emphasis on accessibility for a diverse range of visitors. From a practical standpoint, this appears to support tourists in navigating the environment, as indicated by respondents’ experiences. At the same time, the relatively limited presence of the local Sasak language points to a less visible role of local identity in public space. Taken together, these patterns indicate that while the linguistic landscape functions effectively as a communication tool, its potential to represent local culture is not yet fully realized. This highlights the importance of considering both communicative needs and cultural representation in the development of tourism spaces.

Criteria for Ideal Leaders in the Texts of Hikayat Raja dan Sultan: Intertextuality Study Julia Kristeva

Hanifah Yulia Sari — 2026-05-30

Intertextuality is often interpreted as an attempt to compare two texts that are perceived as overlapping. In fact, the main purpose of intertextuality is to find the ideology contained within a text. This study uses the text of the Hikayat Raja dan Sultan as the main object. The research method uses philological research methods, considering that the text is a manuscript. The purpose of this study was to find the ideology of the Hikayat Raja dan Sultan manuscript. The results, the ideology in the text is visible from the transformation process of the Tajussalatin text. The difference in genre is quite significant, the Tajussalatin text belongs to the literary genre of books, while the Hikayat Raja dan Sultan text belongs to the genre of Sufism texts. In addition, based on the ideology shows the legitimacy of the

The Use of Digital-Based Media in Speech Writing Learning for Grade VIII Students at SMP Negeri 1 Pulubala

Novita Bangi — 2026-05-31

Based on the above research, the objectives of this study are (1) to describe the design of digital-based learning media in teaching speech writing to eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Pulubala, (2) to describe the use of digital-based media in teaching speech writing to eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Pulubala, and (3) to describe the inhibiting factors in the use of digital-based media in teaching speech writing to eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Pulubala. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. The subjects in this study were 27 teachers and eighth-grade students and the object of this study was the results of students' speech writing using digital media. The aspects assessed in writing speech texts were the appropriateness of the speech text content, content organization, accuracy of diction, and accuracy of the speech text structure. Based on the results of the study, the design and use of digital-based learning media such as PowerPoint and YouTube in teaching speech writing have been effective because they are able to present material in a structured manner, provide concrete examples, and increase student understanding, motivation, and activeness. Digital media also supports varied learning strategies and assessment of learning outcomes. However, its use still faces challenges such as limited devices and internet access, necessitating improvements in facilities and infrastructure to optimize learning.

Meaning of the Messages and Values in the Lyrics of the Toluni Dance Song for Welcoming, Weddings and Circumcisions in the Banggai Islands Region

Sri Sulistiawati Lalu — 2026-05-31

This study aims to describe the meaning of messages and values contained in the lyrics of Toluni Dance across three traditional ceremonies of the Banggai Archipelago community: guest welcoming ceremonies, weddings (Toluni Osoan), and circumcision ceremonies (Toluni Monsunat). Toluni Dance is a local cultural heritage whose lyrics function as a medium for communication, advice, prayer, and the transmission of life values. The study employs a semantic approach with a descriptive qualitative method. Data in the form of words, phrases, and sentences within the lyrics were collected through listening-note-taking techniques and documentation from performance videos and manuscripts in three villages: Montomisan, Lolantang, and Bulagi. The findings reveal that the meanings embedded in the Toluni Dance lyrics include emotional meaning (respect, hope, affection), symbolic meaning (life journey, communal prayer, spiritual transition), and connotative meaning (aspirations, advice, religious commands). The identified values encompass cultural values (preserving dance tradition as identity), social values (solidarity, mutual love, communal prayer), religious values (Islamic sharia, God’s commands, blessings), aesthetic values (phrase repetition, metaphors, rhythm), and moral values (honesty, loyalty, filial piety). The three ceremonial contexts demonstrate a dynamic shift in meaning and function: from social aspiration (welcoming ceremony), to household education (wedding ceremony), to faith reinforcement (circumcision ceremony). This study confirms that the lyrics of Toluni Dance are not merely dance accompaniments but rather a medium for transmitting noble values relevant to the preservation of local culture.

The Effectiveness of the Think Talk Write Model and Genre Based Approach Assisted by Disaster Videos in Learning to Write Argumentative Texts

Cahyani Ismi Azizah — 2026-05-31

Learning to write argumentative texts requires a learning model that can develop critical thinking skills and systematic argumentation skills. The Think Talk Write (TTW) and Genre Based Approach (GBA) models, assisted by video, are believed to be effective in teaching argumentative writing skills. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the TTW and GBA models, assisted by video, in teaching argumentative writing. The research used a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental design, conducted at SMP Diponegoro 7 Gumelar, involving two classes as the research sample. Data were gathered through argumentative text writing tests and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and the Mann-Whitney U test because the data did not meet the assumptions of normality and homogeneity. The results showed that learning with the TTW model, aided by videos, effectively improved students’ ability to write argumentative texts, evidenced by an increase in the average score from 51.47 to 71.18 and the Wilcoxon test result of 0.000 < 0.05. Learning with the GBA model, supported by videos, was also effective, with an increase in the average score from 52.06 to 69.41 and a Wilcoxon test result of 0.000 < 0.05. Furthermore, the TTW model is more recommended because it has a higher average posttest score and mean rank than the GBA model. However, the Mann-Whitney U test results indicate no significant difference in effectiveness between the two learning models, as the significance value exceeds 0.05.

The Use of Varied Media in Learning to Analyze the Content and Language of Drama Texts

Nurain Nggilu — 2026-06-05

This study aims to describe the design, utilization, inhibiting and supporting factors, and solutions to obstacles in the use of varied media in drama text learning at SMA Negeri 1 Tilango. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The research data sources were obtained from the learning process, Indonesian language teachers, and grade XI students. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show: 1) teachers have designed varied media in learning systematically through the preparation of Learning Implementation Plans that are adjusted to learning objectives, material characteristics, and student needs. The varied media designed include PowerPoint, drama videos, Mentimeter, and KARTIKA cards; 2) the use of varied media in learning is carried out in an integrated manner at each stage of learning so that it helps students understand the content and language of drama texts more easily, increases learning motivation, and encourages activeness in learning; 3) inhibiting factors in the use of varied media in learning include lack of student concentration and limited internet access, while supporting factors include teacher readiness, availability of devices, and student enthusiasm; 4) Solutions to obstacles are implemented through monitoring the use of digital devices, providing alternative learning options when internet access is limited, mentoring in the use of digital media, and gradually and routinely getting students used to using varied media.

Fostering Ecological Awareness: A Mulimodal Discourse Analysis of From This Island Advertisment

Ukhti Jihan Humaira — 2026-05-30

The skincare industry is experiencing rapid growth, which has sparked increased competition among brands. However, as times change and the beauty industry introduces a wide range of new innovations, many brands are launching products made from natural ingredients—a move seen as a demonstration of their commitment to the environment. From This Island is a local Indonesian skincare brand that consistently raises issues of sustainability and nature conservation in its advertisements. This study aims to how analyze ecological awareness is fostered in the “From This Island” advertisement through a multimodal discourse analysis framework. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data in the form of digital advertisements published on the brand’s official platform. The results of the study show that this commercial successfully raises ecological consciousness by combining sustainability-focused discourse with images that highlight harmony, natural beauty, and environmental care. Nature is shown as an entity that requires care and protection rather than just as a resource. A compelling ecological narrative that may capture both the audience’s cognitive and emotional reactions is created by this blending of spoken and visual components. Additionally, by encouraging responsible consumption and highlighting pro-environmental principles, the campaign represents a wider ecological discourse. This study shows that ads can be used as a strategy for support for the environment in addition to being a commercial medium.

The Effectiveness of the Card-Based Make-A-Match Method in Teaching Fantasy Text Writing to Seventh-Grade Students

Amanda Ivani — 2026-06-06

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Make-A-Match learning model on the learning outcomes of seventh-grade students in fantasy text writing. The study was conducted at SMP Negeri 9 Semarang on November 1, 2025. This study used an experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects consisted of two classes: an experimental class and a control class, each with 32 students. Data collection was conducted through a fantasy story text writing test administered before and after the treatment. Data analysis included normality tests, homogeneity tests, independent sample t-tests, paired sample t-tests, and the N-Gain test to determine improvements in learning outcomes. The results showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. The independent sample t-test showed a significant difference between the experimental and control classes with a significance value of 0.003 <0.05. Furthermore, the results of the paired sample t-test indicated a significant improvement in the experimental class after the treatment. The average post-test score for the experimental class was 94.38, higher than the 91.19 for the control class. The N-Gain test results showed that the experimental class achieved 72.02% improvement in learning outcomes, which is considered high, while the control class achieved 63.12% improvement, which is considered moderate. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Make a Match learning model is effective in improving the learning outcomes of seventh-grade students in fantasy text writing at SMP Negeri 9 Semarang.